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 LASER DIFFRACTION SYSTEM Vs HYDROMETER FOR GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS This Article was aimed to validate the usage of the LDS method as a reliable replacement of the hydrometer method for grain size analysis of fine-grained geo materials. The findings of this study indicated that the LDS method could be a standalone technique for particle size analysis of fine geo materials and can reproduce the hydrometer results with appreciable precision. Using the Microtrac S3500 LDS instrument with samples prepared at a concentration of 1.4 g/l in a distilled water solution, a default refractive index value of 1.75, and without the addition of a dispersing agent or sonication, the results were proven to be satisfactory. Based on the liquid limit of the samples, a mathematical model was provided to select the distribution method (either volume or number) to yield the closest results in comparison to the hydrometer method. Based on the provided equation; any sample with LL >= 180% will result in the nu

  MAHA METRO MACHINARY COLLAPSED Place of the Incident : Maha Metro, Pune Metro Project  Date of the incident: Jan 2019 No Fatal Reports The incident took place as the machine operator could not gauge the sogginess of the soil that caved in. This happened during underground utility checking by the 30 foot piling rig.  which narrowly misses two key flyovers in the area. The site team missed to place the machine on firm ground, which caved during lifting heavy loads. In case of Accidents in working place a fire engine is mandatory to rescue them. But the officials did not ensure the presence of a fire engines. Negligence  is the main reason for the incident. How to avoid this kind of Incidents? There are a range of risks associated with crane operation; Crane pads made of fabricated steel are adopted to distribute the high loading pressure of the crawler crane. The interaction between the crane pad and soil is complicated, and depends on the pad stiffness and the strength and stiffness o